Quantification of GNSS signals accuracy: An image segmentation method for estimating the percentage of sky

This paper is focused on the characterisation of the GNSS reception signals environment by estimating the percentage of visible sky. The estimation is based on a new segmentation technique that uses color and texture gradients with an adaptive and non-parametric combination strategy. The structural gradient, resulting from the combination, is processed with the watershed algorithm to get image segmentation. The classification process used to extract the sky region is performed using the k-means algorithm. Experimental segmentation and classification results, using real data and an evaluation methodology, are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness and the reliability of the proposed approach.