Benchmarks for industrial energy efficiency

What are the standards for improving energy efficiency for industries such as petroleum refining, chemicals and glass manufacture? How can different industries in emerging markets and developing countries accelerate the pace of improvements? This paper discusses several case studies and experiences relating to this subject emphasizing the use of energy efficiency benchmarks. Two important benchmarks are discussed. The first is based on a track record of outstanding performers in the related industry segment; the second benchmark is based on site specific factors. Using energy use reduction targets or benchmarks, projects have been implemented in Mexico, Poland, India, Venezuela, Brazil, China, Thailand, Malaysia, the Republic of South Africa and Russia. Improvements identified through these projects include a variety of recommendations. The use of oxy-fuel and electric furnaces in the glass industry in Poland; reconfiguration of process heat recovery systems for refineries in China, Malaysia, and Russia; recycling and reuse of process wastewater in Republic of South Africa; and cogeneration plants in Venezuela. The paper discusses three case studies of efforts undertaken in emerging market countries to improve energy efficiency