Notice of RetractionMusca domestica Larvae Lectin Induced Apoptosis in Human Breast Cancer MCF-7 Cells through ROS-JNK Mediated Caspase Pathway and ROS-Ca²+ Pathway

Notice of Retraction

After careful and considered review of the content of this paper by a duly constituted expert committee, this paper has been found to be in violation of IEEE´s Publication Principles.

We hereby retract the content of this paper. Reasonable effort should be made to remove all past references to this paper.

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Musca domestica larvae lectin (38kDa) was shown to induce apoptosis of MCF-7 cells, but the mechanism of lectin in apoptosis remained elusive. In this study, generation of ROS and [Ca²⁺]c were caused by lectin. Rise of [Ca²⁺]c was inhibited by antioxidants NAC (inhibitor of ROS). Results suggested involvement of ROS and [Ca²⁺]c generation in lectin induced cell death. Moreover, [Ca²⁺]c was regulated by ROS. Lectin induced a continuous activation of the phosphorylation of JNK which was blocked by NAC. These results demonstrated that the action of lectin induced MCF-7 cells apoptosis was via JNK activation. And JNK depended on signaling of ROS. Caspase apoptosis pathway was triggered by lectin through expression of Bax and Bcl-2, then cytc was released and caspase was activated. Taken together, these studies considered that lectin induced apoptosis through a ROS-JNK mediated caspase pathway and increase of [Ca²⁺]c.