Notice of RetractionTetrandrine-Loaded Fibrous Extracellular Matrix for Cartilage Tissue Engineering

Notice of Retraction

After careful and considered review of the content of this paper by a duly constituted expert committee, this paper has been found to be in violation of IEEE´s Publication Principles.

We hereby retract the content of this paper. Reasonable effort should be made to remove all past references to this paper.

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In the present study, the functions of bovine chondrocytes on tetrandrine-loaded poly (L-lactic acid) (PLLA) fibrous extracellular matrix were investigated in vitro. To mimic natural extracellular matrix architecture, a novel highly porous structure, which is a three-dimensional interconnected fibrous network has been created from PLLA in this work. These fibrous matrices were prepared from the polymer solutions by a procedure involving thermally induced gelation, solvent exchange, and freeze-drying. Tetrandrine was loaded on the scaffolds. The surface characteristics of control PLLA and tetrandrine-loaded PLLA fibrous scaffolds were examined by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA). The ESCA data suggested that the tetrandrine-loaded PLLA scaffolds were enriched with nitrogen atoms. The cell morphology, viability and histochemical analysis of bovine articular chondrocytes seeded and expanded on scaffolds were examined. These results indicated that tetrandrine loading on scaffolds could improve the chondrocytes adhesion, proliferation and function. The mesh scaffolds are suitable for cartilage reconstruction.