Notice of RetractionExtraction and Antioxidant Activities of Oligosaccharides from Different Parts of the Ascidian Styela Clava

Notice of Retraction

After careful and considered review of the content of this paper by a duly constituted expert committee, this paper has been found to be in violation of IEEE´s Publication Principles.

We hereby retract the content of this paper. Reasonable effort should be made to remove all past references to this paper.

The presenting author of this paper has the option to appeal this decision by contacting TPII@ieee.org.

The crude water-soluble oligosaccharides, coded as TOS, VOS and BOS, were isolated from tunica, viscera and whole body of the ascidian Styela clava, which chemical and physical characteristics were determined by several chemical methods, as well as their antioxidant activities by various in vitro assay systems. TOS with the lowest yield had higher sulfate and uronic acid content than the other two samples. The EC₅₀ of TOS, VOS and BOS were 6.32, 3.45 and 5.55 mg/mL against hydroxyl radical and 1.35, 0.77 and 0.90 mg/mL against DPPH radicals, respectively. VOS showed the highest antioxidant activities among three samples. The results indicated that crude oligosaccharide extracted from different parts of Styela clava had antioxidant activities, which could be explored as novel potential antioxidants.