Design equations for fractional-order sinusoidal oscillators: Practical circuit examples

Some practical sinusoidal oscillators are studied in the general form where fractional-order energy storage elements are considered. A fractional-order element is one whose complex impedance is given by Z = alpha(jomega)^plusmnalpha ; a is a constant and alpha is not necessarily an integer. As a result, these oscillators are described by sets of fractional-order differential equations. Numerical and PSpice simulation results are shown.