Notice of RetractionDNAPL Mass Flux Assessment of In-Situ Chemical Oxidation Using Quasi-Multidimensional Experiments

Notice of Retraction

After careful and considered review of the content of this paper by a duly constituted expert committee, this paper has been found to be in violation of IEEE´s Publication Principles.

We hereby retract the content of this paper. Reasonable effort should be made to remove all past references to this paper.

The presenting author of this paper has the option to appeal this decision by contacting TPII@ieee.org.

There has been considerable interest in the use of chemical oxidants for the in-situ destruction of dense chlorinated solvents in groundwater. But formation of MnO₂ solids phase may result in permeability reductions within a source zone when using permanganate as oxidant. In this study, modified ID columns experiments (quasi-multidimensional setting of parallel column connection) is utilized to study the mass flux and flow flux change of TCE chemical oxidation by KMnO₄. Low concentration of permanganate was used as oxidant for limited time interval to mimic actual field condition. The water flux of the source area decreased during KMnO₄ flushing but increased again right after the flushing is ceased. The precipitation and flocculation of MnO₂ formed as a result of TCE-KMnO₄ reaction reduce the permeability of source area for a limited time and a range. The mass flux of the KMnO₄ flushed column was decreased during KMnO₄ flushing, while rebound again after KMnO₄ flushing. The mass flux of the KMnO₄ flushed column was increased after short time KMnO₄ flushing. This result implied that the TCE source zone can be stimulated by low concentration KMnO₄ flushing.