Notice of RetractionSeasonal Variation of Hydrochemistry for Typical Epikarst Springs in Karst Mountains Area

Notice of Retraction

After careful and considered review of the content of this paper by a duly constituted expert committee, this paper has been found to be in violation of IEEE´s Publication Principles.

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Epikarst spring is the important source of drinking water and irrigative water in Karst mountains area. The hydrochemistry of the epikarst springs varies obviously in different seasons. By analyzing the hydrochemistry of epikarst springs in Nanchuan karst mountains area,springs exhibited an obvious seasonal variation. The water temperature was higher in July than that in January. The change was due to the air temperature which was higher in July than that in January. pH value, electrical conductivity, calcium, magnesium, sodium and potassium concentrations of typical epikarst springs were higher in January, while lower in July. These changes were correspondent with the variations of natural conditions and human activities. Because the air temperature and precipitation were higher in July than that in January. Sulfate and phosphate showed higher concentrations in July, while lower concentrations in January. Agricultural activity and precipitation were the main reasons for these changes. As agricultural activity and precipitation were normally intensed in July than in January. This paper provides some useful information for understanding the relationship between epikarst springs and natural condition and human activity, which were caused by seasonal variation.