Notice of RetractionStudies of Tide-Induced Groundwater Head Fluctuation in a Confined Aquifer with a Subcrop Covered by a Slope Silt-Layer

Notice of Retraction

After careful and considered review of the content of this paper by a duly constituted expert committee, this paper has been found to be in violation of IEEE´s Publication Principles.

We hereby retract the content of this paper. Reasonable effort should be made to remove all past references to this paper.

The presenting author of this paper has the option to appeal this decision by contacting TPII@ieee.org.

In this paper, a series of numerical simulations was conducted to investigate the effect of the slope angle of the silt layer on the tide-induced head fluctuations in a coastal confined aquifer. The numerical simulations demonstrated that this effect is usually significant and becomes negligible only when both of the following two conditions hold: (i) the slope angle of the silt layer is big and/or the leakance of the outlet-capping is great and overwhelms the tidal loading effect, (ii) the aquifer has a sufficiently great hydraulic diffusivity so that the damping effect on the tidal wave propagation in the vertical direction can be neglected. When the slope angle and the leakance of the outlet capping are small, previous analytical solutions based on the vertical slope angle assumption will underestimate the tide induced head fluctuation in the confined aquifer.