Notice of RetractionComparative Study on Phosphate Removal by Chalybeate and Calcareous Red Mud

Notice of Retraction

After careful and considered review of the content of this paper by a duly constituted expert committee, this paper has been found to be in violation of IEEE´s Publication Principles.

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Overload of phosphorus is one of the main environmental issues in water bodies. Red mud is an alkaline waste tailing of alumina industry with special adsorption characters. With a view to simultaneously conserving environment and recycling the solid waste, both chalybeate red mud from Bayer process and calcareous red mud from calcination method were employed as adsorbents for phosphate removal in this study. The adsorption capacity of calcareous red mud under optimal initial pH value was 23.3mg/g which approached 150% of that of chalybeate (16.4mg/g) with the tested phosphorous concentration of 150mg/L. Particularly under the optimal sorption condition, the final pH value after adsorption was around 7, which was friendly to ecosystem. Kinetics models and Freundlich isotherm were used for an insight into the adsorption process. Based on the analyses, phosphate adsorption process of both two materials was generally governed by similar mechanism. Results from these comparative studies gave better estimation on the feasibility of utilizing different kinds of red mud in water remediation.