DocumentCode
3340080
Title
Notice of Retraction
Effect of Environmental Factors on the Biodegradation of Esterquats Flotation Collectors
Author
Ying Zhu ; Guangjun Mei ; Yingxue Li
Author_Institution
Sch. of Resources & Environ. Eng., Wuhan Univ. of Technol., Wuhan, China
fYear
2011
fDate
10-12 May 2011
Firstpage
1
Lastpage
4
Abstract
Notice of Retraction
After careful and considered review of the content of this paper by a duly constituted expert committee, this paper has been found to be in violation of IEEE´s Publication Principles.
We hereby retract the content of this paper. Reasonable effort should be made to remove all past references to this paper.
The presenting author of this paper has the option to appeal this decision by contacting TPII@ieee.org.
The carbon dioxide evolution test was used to determine the biodegradability of esterquarts flotation collectors in water. With sodium oleate as reference material, factors (aeration intensity, inoculum concentrations, concentrations of tested substances) affecting esterquarts biodegradability were studied under aerobic conditions. The results showed that the optimal environmental conditions for biodegradation were the gas flow of 161 h-1, the temperature of 25°C, the inoculum concentration of 100mgMLSS l-1, the concentration of test substance was 20mgDOC l-1, the reaction time of 28d. At this time, the degradation rate of monoester and diester quaternary ammonium salts were 96.24%, 80.32%, respectively. According to OECD classification standards for organic substance biodegradability experiments, esterquats are classified as the easily biodegradable organic substance.
After careful and considered review of the content of this paper by a duly constituted expert committee, this paper has been found to be in violation of IEEE´s Publication Principles.
We hereby retract the content of this paper. Reasonable effort should be made to remove all past references to this paper.
The presenting author of this paper has the option to appeal this decision by contacting TPII@ieee.org.
The carbon dioxide evolution test was used to determine the biodegradability of esterquarts flotation collectors in water. With sodium oleate as reference material, factors (aeration intensity, inoculum concentrations, concentrations of tested substances) affecting esterquarts biodegradability were studied under aerobic conditions. The results showed that the optimal environmental conditions for biodegradation were the gas flow of 161 h-1, the temperature of 25°C, the inoculum concentration of 100mgMLSS l-1, the concentration of test substance was 20mgDOC l-1, the reaction time of 28d. At this time, the degradation rate of monoester and diester quaternary ammonium salts were 96.24%, 80.32%, respectively. According to OECD classification standards for organic substance biodegradability experiments, esterquats are classified as the easily biodegradable organic substance.
Keywords
biodegradable materials; environmental degradation; OECD classification standards; aerobic condition; biodegradable organic substance; biodegradation; carbon dioxide evolution test; degradation rate; diester quaternary ammonium salt; environmental factors; esterquarts biodegradability; esterquats flotation collector; inoculum concentration; monoester; organic substance biodegradability; reference material; sodium oleate; temperature 25 C; time 28 d; water; Biodegradation; Carbon; Carbon dioxide; Degradation; Fluid flow; Materials; Microorganisms;
fLanguage
English
Publisher
ieee
Conference_Titel
Bioinformatics and Biomedical Engineering, (iCBBE) 2011 5th International Conference on
Conference_Location
Wuhan
ISSN
2151-7614
Print_ISBN
978-1-4244-5088-6
Type
conf
DOI
10.1109/icbbe.2011.5781229
Filename
5781229
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