Notice of RetractionEffect of Environmental Factors on the Biodegradation of Esterquats Flotation Collectors

Notice of Retraction

After careful and considered review of the content of this paper by a duly constituted expert committee, this paper has been found to be in violation of IEEE´s Publication Principles.

We hereby retract the content of this paper. Reasonable effort should be made to remove all past references to this paper.

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The carbon dioxide evolution test was used to determine the biodegradability of esterquarts flotation collectors in water. With sodium oleate as reference material, factors (aeration intensity, inoculum concentrations, concentrations of tested substances) affecting esterquarts biodegradability were studied under aerobic conditions. The results showed that the optimal environmental conditions for biodegradation were the gas flow of 161 h^-1, the temperature of 25°C, the inoculum concentration of 100mgMLSS l^-1, the concentration of test substance was 20mgDOC l^-1, the reaction time of 28d. At this time, the degradation rate of monoester and diester quaternary ammonium salts were 96.24%, 80.32%, respectively. According to OECD classification standards for organic substance biodegradability experiments, esterquats are classified as the easily biodegradable organic substance.