Notice of RetractionA Preliminary Analysis on Household Energy Consumption of Shanghai

Notice of Retraction

After careful and considered review of the content of this paper by a duly constituted expert committee, this paper has been found to be in violation of IEEE´s Publication Principles.

We hereby retract the content of this paper. Reasonable effort should be made to remove all past references to this paper.

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With the growth of urbanization and increase of household expenditure, household energy consumption dramatically increases. The consumption style of consumers will greatly influence industries in the upstream and markets in the downstream. Therefore, it is crucial to assess household energy consumption systemically. By employing input-output analysis model, this paper carries out an empirical study on household energy consumption of Shanghai, taking the indirect energy consumption into account. The results show that, more than 80% of household energy consumption was indirect. And the direct and indirect household energy consumption rose by 82.9% and 87.1% from 1992 to 2002, showing a fast upward trend. The indirect household energy consumption in each sector also shows a rapid increase. Household energy consumption from services industry is keeping a rapid growth with the improvement of living standard, which is a future focus for energy management.