Notice of RetractionCigarette Smoking, Glutathione S-Transferase P1 Genetic Variant, and Cardiovascular Fitness

Notice of Retraction

After careful and considered review of the content of this paper by a duly constituted expert committee, this paper has been found to be in violation of IEEE´s Publication Principles.

We hereby retract the content of this paper. Reasonable effort should be made to remove all past references to this paper.

The presenting author of this paper has the option to appeal this decision by contacting TPII@ieee.org.

Smoking is a well-known risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Glutathione S-transferases are involved in the detoxification of many harmful substances found in tobacco smoke. This study investigated the relation of Ile105Val variant of glutathione S-transferase P1 (GSTP1) gene to cardiovascular fitness with special reference to interaction with cigarette smoking. 232 unrelated ethnic Han Chinese men were recruited. GSTP1 genotypes were examined by a PCR-RFLP method. Cardiovascular fitness was assessed using a step test. Results showed that there was a strong association between cigarette smoking and poor step index, regardless of the adjustment for age and body mass index. Ile105Val variant was associated with step index neither in all subjects nor in nonsmokers. Whereas compared with Ile homozygote smokers, Val allele smokers had higher step index, regardless of the adjustment for age and body mass index. In conclusion, Our findings suggest that cigarette smoking may decrease cardiovascular fitness in normal persons, and GSTP1 Val allele may paly a protective role in cardiovascular fitness in smokers.