Author_Institution :
Fermi Nat. Accel. Lab., Batavia, IL, USA
Abstract :
The design beam intensity of the FNAL Main Injector (MI) is 3×1013 pp. This paper investigates possible limitations in the intensity upgrade. These include the space charge, transition crossing, microwave instability, coupled bunch instability, resistive wall, beam loading (static and transient), rf power, aperture (physical and dynamic), coalescing, particle losses and radiation shielding, etc. It seems that to increase the intensity by a factor of two from the design value is straightforward. Even a factor of five is possible provided that the following measures are to be taken: an rf power upgrade, a γt-jump system, longitudinal and transverse feedback systems, rf feedback and feedforward, stopband corrections and local shieldings
Keywords :
booster injectors; particle beam stability; proton accelerators; shielding; space charge; synchrotrons; Fermilab Main Injector; RF power; aperture; beam loading; coalescing; coupled bunch instability; design beam intensity; intensity limitations; local shieldings; microwave instability; particle losses; radiation shielding; resistive wall; space charge; stopband corrections; transition crossing; Apertures; Feedback; Impedance; Particle beam injection; Particle beams; Particle scattering; Protons; Resonance; Space charge; Synchrotrons;
