Notice of RetractionGenotoxic Effect of Reclaimed Water in Tianjin, China

Notice of Retraction

After careful and considered review of the content of this paper by a duly constituted expert committee, this paper has been found to be in violation of IEEE´s Publication Principles.

We hereby retract the content of this paper. Reasonable effort should be made to remove all past references to this paper.

The presenting author of this paper has the option to appeal this decision by contacting TPII@ieee.org.

A battery of cytotoxicity test and genotoxicity test with different endpoint were applied to exploring of the cytotoxic effect and mutagenic effects of reclaimed water in Tianjin, China. The 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and micronuclei (MN) assay was used to evaluate cytotoxic and genotoxic effect of the reclaimed water. Moreover PCR-DNA gene sequencing method was used to examine the mutagenic effects of water samples on some exons of p53 gene. The MTT assay showed that the cell viability of all doses were decreased, comparing with the control group, and have dose-response relationship. The micronuclei assay revealed that micronuclei number is higher in the samples which with higher dose, but there have no statistically significant difference in comparison with negative control. Gene sequencing method testified that extracts of reclaimed water could induce mutation of p53 gene in human embryo liver cell (L-02 cell). It could be concluded that the urban reclaimed water, which showed mutagenic effects in some extent, might pose potential hazards to environment and health.