Notice of RetractionApoptosis Induced by Actinomycin D in Spodoptera litura Cells and the Effect of Two Insect Hemolymph on Apoptosis

Notice of Retraction

After careful and considered review of the content of this paper by a duly constituted expert committee, this paper has been found to be in violation of IEEE´s Publication Principles.

We hereby retract the content of this paper. Reasonable effort should be made to remove all past references to this paper.

The presenting author of this paper has the option to appeal this decision by contacting TPII@ieee.org.

Actinomycin D induced apoptosis in cells of the Lepidopteran Spodoptera litura cell. By 24h after a actinomycin D treatment, the observation of the microscope and DAPI staining revealed that the cells showed classical morphological characteristics of apoptosis such as plasma bleeding, nuclear fragmentation, and apoptotic bodies. An oligomeric DNA ladder was observed in SL-1 cells treated with 200ng/mL or higher concentration of actinomycin D. Flow cytometric analysis revealed apoptotic behavior of 10.4%, 15.6%, 36.4% and 74.8% in cells treated with 50ng/mL, 100ng/mL,200ng/mL and 500ng/mL actinomycin D by 24 hr after treatment. With the increase of actinomycin D concentration, the rates of cells undergoing apoptosis gradually increased in a concentration-dependent manner. Apoptosis induced by actinomycin D in SL-1 cells was significantly inhibited when cells were cultured in medium containing either Spodoptera exigua hemolymph or Helicoverpa armigera hemolymph. Effect of apoptosis-inhibition enhanced with the increase of hemolymph concentration. Flow cytometric analysis showed that the percentages of apoptosis were 32.9 ± 0.5% 15.7 ± 0.7% and 8.9 ± 0.4% respectively when cells grown in medium containing 1% 3% and 5% Spodoptera exigua hemolymph and the percentages of apoptosis were 36.9 ± 0.5% 20.3 ± 0.7% and 17.0±1.0% when the cells grown in medium containing 1 %, 3% and 5% Helicoverpa armigera hemolymph, respectively. The activity of caspase-3-like in cells cultured- in medium containing insect hemolymph markedly decreased. The inhibitory effect of Spodoptera exigua hemolymph on apoptosis was stronger than that of Helicoverpa armigera hemolymph.