DocumentCode
3344761
Title
Notice of Retraction
Environmental and Uncertainty Assessment of Bio-Toilet and Flush Toilet: Comparison of Bio-Toilet and Flush Toilet
Author
Jinglan Hong ; Xiangzhi Li ; Ismail, Z.Z.
Author_Institution
Shandong Provincial Key Lab. of Water Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, Shandong Univ., Jinan, China
fYear
2011
fDate
10-12 May 2011
Firstpage
1
Lastpage
4
Abstract
Notice of Retraction
After careful and considered review of the content of this paper by a duly constituted expert committee, this paper has been found to be in violation of IEEE´s Publication Principles.
We hereby retract the content of this paper. Reasonable effort should be made to remove all past references to this paper.
The presenting author of this paper has the option to appeal this decision by contacting TPII@ieee.org.
Life cycle assessment for bio-toilet and flush toilet was carried out in this study through estimating the environmental impact of the following four alternative scenarios: bio-toilet with incineration (BTI), bio-toilet with landfarming (BTL), flush toilet with incineration (FTI) and flush toilet with landfarming (FTL). The results based on uncertainty analysis proved that there are no significant differences between scenarios FTI and FTL for all midpoint categories except for respiratory organics. Similarly, there are no significant differences between scenarios BTI and BTL for most midpoint categories except for aquatic eutrophication. Compared to the FTI and FTL scenarios, the impacts seen from BTI and BTL in the respiratory inorganics, ionizing radiation, acid/nutria, land occupation, aquatic acidification, global warming and non-renewable energy categories are high, especially for the global warming and non-renewable energy. Electricity and water consumption in use phase is the key factor to consider the reduction of environmental impacts of bio-toilet and flush toilet, respectively.
After careful and considered review of the content of this paper by a duly constituted expert committee, this paper has been found to be in violation of IEEE´s Publication Principles.
We hereby retract the content of this paper. Reasonable effort should be made to remove all past references to this paper.
The presenting author of this paper has the option to appeal this decision by contacting TPII@ieee.org.
Life cycle assessment for bio-toilet and flush toilet was carried out in this study through estimating the environmental impact of the following four alternative scenarios: bio-toilet with incineration (BTI), bio-toilet with landfarming (BTL), flush toilet with incineration (FTI) and flush toilet with landfarming (FTL). The results based on uncertainty analysis proved that there are no significant differences between scenarios FTI and FTL for all midpoint categories except for respiratory organics. Similarly, there are no significant differences between scenarios BTI and BTL for most midpoint categories except for aquatic eutrophication. Compared to the FTI and FTL scenarios, the impacts seen from BTI and BTL in the respiratory inorganics, ionizing radiation, acid/nutria, land occupation, aquatic acidification, global warming and non-renewable energy categories are high, especially for the global warming and non-renewable energy. Electricity and water consumption in use phase is the key factor to consider the reduction of environmental impacts of bio-toilet and flush toilet, respectively.
Keywords
biotechnology; global warming; incineration; life cycle costing; sewage treatment; wastewater treatment; water pollution; aquatic acidification; aquatic eutrophication; bio-toilet; electricity; environmental assessment; environmental impact; flush toilet; global warming; incineration; ionizing radiation; land occupation; landfarming; life cycle assessment; nonrenewable energy; nutria; respiratory inorganics; uncertainty assessment; water consumption; Electricity; Global warming; Humans; Incineration; Meteorology; Uncertainty; Water resources;
fLanguage
English
Publisher
ieee
Conference_Titel
Bioinformatics and Biomedical Engineering, (iCBBE) 2011 5th International Conference on
Conference_Location
Wuhan
ISSN
2151-7614
Print_ISBN
978-1-4244-5088-6
Type
conf
DOI
10.1109/icbbe.2011.5781475
Filename
5781475
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