Application of UTD ray solution for characterization of propagation in Thai commercial orchard

The radio wave propagation model is theoretically proposed in this paper, by using the uniform geometrical theory of diffraction (UTD) together with the Gaussian beam (GB) via the complex source point (CSP) technique. The path loss and multipath propagation are predicted in a Thai commercial orchard. The durian orchard is primarily chosen to be an example for this study but the radio wave propagation model obtained in this work can be applied to any commercial orchard with slightly changing the scenarios in the orchard. To improve the source in the durian orchard modeling to be more practical, the GB expansion via the CSP technique is applied. In this work, one combines the UTD and CSP to deal with the path loss analysis in the durian orchard. This leads to the 3D propagation model of the durian orchard. This study will be very useful for designing the wireless sensor network (WSN) in any Thai commercial orchard.