Non-invasive determination of the activation sequence of the heart: validation with invasive data

Potentials on the surface of a torso shaped tank, generated by the electric activity of canine heart suspended within, were recorded. Simultaneously, the potentials on the ventricular surface were documented. The involved geometry and the potentials measured on the tank surface were used in a UDL based inverse procedure for computing the depolarization sequence at the ventricular surface. The computed activation times were compared to the ones directly derived from the invasively measured potentials on the ventricular surface. The results demonstrate an (RMS based) accuracy of the inversely computed activation times of 4 ms