Back-to-back method for measuring phased array antennas

When designing large phased array antennas, sophisticated computer codes can be used to estimate the array performance including mutual coupling. However, to verify the design, large test antennas containing hundreds or even thousands of radiators must be built. The cost of a phased array system rises sharply when the number of radiators becomes large. In many cases, this is due to the power dividers and phase shifters in the feed network. Feed networks, although essential for the operation of the phased array system, are not necessary for the design of the radiating elements. There are various ways to characterize phased array antennas without feed networks. A back-to-back method is described. This method enables designers to test arrays containing a large number of radiators with relatively low cost and minimal modification of existing measurement facilities.