UWB fractal monopoles of rectangular and triangular shapes

Fractal concept has been used for broadbanding printed monopole antennas to comply with UWB requirements. The concept of self similarity has been deployed, where repeated square and triangular shapes form the composite monopoles to increase their frequency ranges. In each of the designed antennas, the shape has been scaled up then repeated in vertical direction away from ground plane. The proposed monopoles showed enhanced response at both lower and higher frequencies to cover more than the entire UWB band. The performance of the proposed monopoles were investigated by simulation using the CST computer software. The phase of the return loss has been used to explain the behavior of the proposed monopoles.