Analysis of electromagnetic wave interaction with quantum-dot gain material in 3D photonic crystals

Use of photonic crystals (PhC) to localize electromagnetic field in sub-wavelength-dimensions due to the existence of the photonic bandgap (PBG) has gained tremendous interest from the research community in recent years. Localized modes within the PBG can be generated if periodicity of a perfect crystal is broken. Investigation in fields of nano-electronics, plasmonics and photonics has for an object to achieve dense integration of signal-processing components into a small volume. Most work so far has utilized planar two-dimensional (2D) structures because of ease in their fabrication. However, in this case connection with other optical components is limited to be in the plane of the structures. 3D PhCs are promising platforms for controlling radiation by means of their complete photonic bandgaps (PBGs) that will add a freedom for configuring photonic circuits in the third dimension. PhCs would play a significant role in construction of integrated optical circuit for THz generation, propagation, manipulation and measurement because of their transparency as well as low loss and dispersion in THz frequency band.