Familial atrial fibrillation: simulation of the mechanisms and effects of a slow rectifier potassium channel mutation in human atrial tissue

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a critical pathology due to the risk of secondary diseases like thromboemboli and ventricular arrhythmia. A recent study identified a familial type of AF based on a mutation influencing the cardiac I_Ks channel. The mutant channel is characterized by a gain-of-function and a nearly linear current-voltage relationship. The kinetics and density of I_Ks in a model of atrial myocytes was adjusted to the measured characteristic to describe the mechanisms and effects of the mutation. A schematic anatomical model of the right atrium was designed to simulate the excitation propagation. The action potential duration of the mutant cell was reduced to 105 ms and the effective refractory period to 148 ms. Both factors lead to a reduction in wavelength and thus the risk of an initiation and perpetuation of AF rises. The results support the understanding of the complex behavior of cardiac cells. The described model will be used to investigate AF and potential treatments.