Cascadable current-mode multifunction filter configuration using minimum number of CCTAs and grounded capacitors

A configuration is derived from signal flow graphs. A series of different order current-mode multifunction filters based on CCTAs can be obtained from the configuration. All the derived filters can simultaneously realize five primary responses from same topology. Both ω₀ and Q can be tuned electronically independently over a wide range. Additionally, the configuration can be easily cascaded to obtain an nth-order filter which is only composed by n CCTAs and n grounded capacitors. The proposed configuration has simple structure, and is highly suitable for IC implementation. The realized circuits are simulated with SPICE to exhibit the performance.