Autonomy and community

Since autonomous decentralized systems (ADS) were proposed, their technologies and applications in control and information fields have progressed and some of their technologies are approved as the de-facto standards of ODVA (Open DeviceNet Vendor association), OMG (Object Management Group), etc. One of their goals is fault-tolerance. Recently the ADS have been accelerated more under the unpredictable recent markets for the worldwide huge but service-oriented autonomous community for specific local-majority users, and for the complex and changing system management. In these systems, the ADS new paradigm is required to satisfy the heterogeneous requirements for the various autonomous systems under the evolving and to assure these systems operation.