Integrated energy flow analysis in natural gas and electricity coupled systems

The restructuring of energy markets has increased the concern about the existing interdependency between the primary energy supply and electricity networks, which are analyzed traditionally as independent systems. The aim of this paper is focused on an integral formulation for the steady-state analysis of electricity and natural gas coupled systems considering the effect of temperature in the natural gas system operation and the primary frequency regulation in the electric power system. A general approach is described to execute a single energy flow analysis in a unified framework based on the Newton-Raphson formulation. The proposed approach is applied to a small-scale coupled system for illustration purposes.