Safety control of PHEVs in distribution networks using finite state machines with variables

Transportation electrification is viewed as one of the most viable ways of reducing CO2 emissions and gasoline dependency. However, how to manage the dramatically increasing Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEVs) and Electric Vehicles (EVs) for the safety of distribution networks is still a vital challenge. To mitigate the influence of PHEVs, we propose that a distribute network be modeled by a Finite State Machine with Variables (FSMwV) method and then controlled by a corresponding safety controller. The calculation results of four scenarios verify the effectiveness of managing PHEVs by the FSMwV method. To manage a distribution network within a wider area, a supervisory control approach is proposed to cooperate with smart distribution network technologies. Therefore, the distribution network could be effectively managed with the safety controller on the bottom layer and supervisory control on the upper layer.