A wide frequency range surface integral formulation for 3-D RLC extraction

A new surface integral formulation and discretization approach for computing electromagnetoquasistatic impedance of general conductors is described. The key advantages of the formulation is that it avoids volume discretization of the conductors and the substrate, and a single discretization is accurate over the entire frequency range. Computational results from an on-chip inductor, a connector and a transmission line are used to show that the formulation is accurate and is "acceleration" ready. That is, the results demonstrate that an efficiently computed preconditioner insures rapid iterative method convergence and tests with projection show the required kernels can be approximated easily using a coarse grid.