A methodology of synthesis of lossy ladder filters

In the paper, issues concerning the synthesis of ladder reactance analog filter have been raised. In all existing algorithms of synthesis of such filters it is assumed that the reactance elements are ideal ones. Since actual reactance elements are lossy, which means the Q-factor has a finite value, the frequency response of real filters differs widely from the desired frequency response, assumed before designing the filter. In this article, a new approach to the synthesis of reactance ladder filters has been introduced. In this approach, the lossiness of reactance elements is taken into consideration during the synthesis process. This method allows to design a ladder filter with desired frequency response with the use of lossy capacitors and what is more important, lossy inductors.