Judging people´s availability for interaction from video snapshots

Several groupware systems support casual real-time interaction over distance by providing periodically updated snapshots of other people´s offices. People then monitor these snapshots to determine how available others are for communication. In this research, we try to isolate what information people use from these snapshots to help them infer another´s availability. Research participants examined video snapshots of people posed in typical office situations, and judged how available those people were for interaction. Our first result suggests that people have difficulty extracting information from these images unless the image resolution is at least 128/spl times/128 pixels. Our second result indicates that people interpret stereotypical situations as indicating varying degrees of availability. In general, people are judged as less available when they are seen to be absent from their office, or in conversation with others. People are judged more available when they are in transition (e.g. entering or leaving a room), and when they do not appear to be working. People at work seem to portray a more ambiguous situation. However, all situations had a minority of people who interpreted the image quite differently. These results have implications on the design of both video- and non-video-based awareness and availability systems.