Front-end integrated circuits for high-performance biological and chemical sensing

High-performance biomedical and biotechnological devices require a significant amount of electronics to not only interact with the biological and chemical media, but also amplify, digitize, process, and transmit signals. To create point-of-care (PoC) versions of these complex devices, we often need redesign the whole system to ensure portability, cost-efficiency, robustness, and ease-of-use. This typically mandates the integration of the electronics components. In this paper, we examine the integration of the biological and chemical sensors and discuss their electronic performance challenges and possible solutions. The ultimate goal here is to connect the dots between different sensor classes in these applications and the optimal circuit architectures.