Analysis of impulse noise immunity standards

It is pointed out that international and national impulse immunity standards provide for different test procedures, pulse parameters, and output impedances of the simulators. Studies of pulse generation in electrical systems, and of equipment susceptibility and pulse noise simulation show that the calibration of test pulses on open circuits is more adequate to real noise in mains. The output impedance of simulators for shipboard equipment testing must be close to 10 Ω, paralleled by 10 μH. It is noted that energy and pulse duration are important for withstand testing