In quest of experimental support for the increased real and reactive power in the Czarnecki power model under nonsinusoidal waveforms

In a sinusoidal system, the interpretations of the power quantities S, P and Q are well established by the relation S² = p² + Q² and the mechanisms for improving power factor by decreasing Q are clearly devised. In case of nonsinusoidal system the relation S² = p² + Q² is not valid and there appeared numerous power theories due to Budeanu, Fryze, Kusters and Moore, Shepherd and Zakikhani, Czarnecki and etc. [1,2]for the analysis of such systems in order to find additional power component(s) that would balance the new power equation and would provide necessary clues for the improvement of power factor (pf) accurate billing for consumed real power (P) and imposing penalty for drawing excessive reactive power (Q) or causing distortions on the wave shapes by connecting nonlinear semiconductor loads. The issue started in 1892 [2] when the German Engineer Steinmetz observed for the first time that in a resistive electric arc welding circuit (Fig. 3) the apparent power S was greater than the real power, P. However, no consensus theory could yet be developed. This paper particularly deals with the Czarnecki Power Model of 1987 (11) to see if there could be found any suitable interpretation of his model in favour of the increased real and reactive power that had entered into his model during his advocacy [3] for the abandonment of the well-accepted power theory S² = p² + Q_B² + D_B² put forward by Prof C. I. Budeanu in 1927 [4]. The interpretation could be used as an indicator for the overall power management (III) in nonsinusoidal situations. The works are still at academic levels, experiments are going on as per setup of Fig. 6 and the results would be published in due time.