High SNR performance analysis of a blind frequency offset estimator for cross qam communication

In this paper we present theoretical performance analysis for a blind frequency offset estimator for cross quadrature amplitude modulated constellations. The estimator is based on applying a tentative frequency offset compensation by means of a nonlinear transformation of the received signal samples and on estimating an accumulation function in different angular windows. For perfect frequency offset compensation, the measurements are suitably clustered and their accumulation, named "constellation phase signature" (CPS), is a peaked function of the window orientation. Hence, the frequency offset estimator is selected by maximization of the peakness of the accumulation function. The performance analysis is shown to match the numerical simulations for medium to high values of SNR.