Analytical MPPT solution using Thevenin approach for solar panels

Modeling a photovoltaic source is a necessary operation in order to track the maximum power point of the solar panels for a specific condition. Generally, solar panels are modeled as nonlinear elements because of their nonlinear characteristics. Thus, maximum power point is tracked by numerical algorithms. As a different approach, this paper proposes an analytical maximum power point tracking (MPPT) technique using a dynamic Thevenin model dependent on ambient conditions. The analytical MPPT controller includes the non-idealities of MPPT circuit for the duty cycle calculations. Moreover, this technique is suitable for any power source that can be modeled as Thevenin equivalent circuit. Theoretically calculated duty cycle equations for maximum power point are verified with experimental results and it is observed that they are in good agreement. Proposed analytical solution provides a faster performance comparing to numerical controllers.