Analysis of microstrip photonic bandgap antennas

The ever increasing developments in telecommunication systems have demanded a great deal of miniaturization process in the circuits that compose these systems Micrometer size antennas are very useful in the implementation of antenna arrays, and due to their reduced size is very appropriate for the use in catheters for example. The prospects of using frequencies in the terahertz range, opens the way for controlling signals belonging to the visible spectrum of light. The presence of photonic materials in the planar antennas yields some desirable features such as suppression of spontaneous emission and prevention of surface waves, thus avoiding coupling between the antenna elements and between antennas in a planar array