Title :
A hierarchical and recursive model of mathematical expressions for automatic reading of mathematical documents
Author :
Toumit, J.-Y. ; Garcia-Salicetti, S. ; Emptoz, H.
Author_Institution :
Inst. Nat. des Sci. Appliquees, Villeurbanne, France
Abstract :
We propose an original model for automatic reading of mathematical texts, founded on a recursive approach and a hierarchical view of the latter. This hierarchy in the text has been introduced by means of the notion of mathematical object, that we characterise by a set of definitions. A prior segmentation phase of mathematical objects in text is performed, using character matching techniques and propagating the labelling process of mathematical objects around “special characters” initially recognised. Complex and dynamical tree representations are proposed for mathematical expressions detected in the text, and a dynamical set of priority rules has been defined that guides this automatic process. Finally the recognition of the elementary objects obtained permits to achieve the encoding of a mathematical expression
Keywords :
character recognition; document image processing; image matching; image segmentation; mathematics computing; automatic mathematical document reading; character matching techniques; complex tree representations; dynamical priority rules; dynamical tree representations; hierarchical model; labelling process; mathematical expressions; mathematical object; recursive model; segmentation phase; special characters; Character recognition; Electrical capacitance tomography; Encoding; Image segmentation; Labeling; Mathematical model; Mathematics; Phase detection; Reconnaissance; Text recognition;
Conference_Titel :
Document Analysis and Recognition, 1999. ICDAR '99. Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on
Conference_Location :
Bangalore
Print_ISBN :
0-7695-0318-7
DOI :
10.1109/ICDAR.1999.791739
