Load resonant measurements of quartz crystals

Load resonant frequency measurements are inherently difficult to make because of the accuracy and repeatability required for the measurement and because the crystal itself affects the resolution of measurement. These difficulties are examined for load resonant frequency measurements made on transmission systems and crystal impedance meters. The measurement techniques presented are those typically used in the industry. Potential sources of correlation differences are discussed, including the impact of the crystal spurious responses on the load resonant measurement