Simulation of scattering from soil surfaces using single integral equation and two-grid scheme

An efficient algorithm for simulation of microwave scattering from rough soil surfaces is proposed. It entails the use of a single integral equation and a two-grid scheme. The single integral equation approach reduces the number of unknowns by a factor of two or three compared with using coupled equations and admits a faster iterative solution. The two-grid scheme achieves efficiency using coarse grids and maintains accuracy using dense grids. Numerical examples are provided for random rough soil surfaces with exponential statistical properties.