Delay factors for mainframe computers

In many modern machines, the package has become a major component of the delays that determine the system´s performance. The factors leading to this observation are discussed. Included in the discussion are all the path delay components, which encompass chip delay, propagation delay, loading delay, noise-induced delay, clock skews, and tolerances. Techniques for reducing these components in future mainframe designs are introduced. In addition, an argument that states the continuing need for bipolar-based mainframe technologies is given