A Review of Routing Protocols in Wireless Sensor Networks Using Biologically Inspired Methods

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) consists of small nodes with sensing, computation and wireless communications capabilities. Many routing protocols have been specially designed for WSNs where the fault tolerance, self-organization and scalability is an essential design issues. The focus however has been given to the routing protocols. In this paper, we present a survey of the state-of-the-art routing techniques based on biologically methods, such as ACO (Ant Colony Optimizations) & BCO (Bee Colony Optimization) algorithms. We first overview the design challenges for routing protocols in WSNs such as fault tolerance, self-organization and scalability. The objective of the research work to develop the new network algorithms those are for fault tolerance, self-organized and scalable in large-scale systems.