Notice of RetractionTransformational Leader Behavior and Efficacy Beliefs: The Mediating Role of Leader-Member Exchange (LMX) Across Culture

Notice of Retraction

After careful and considered review of the content of this paper by a duly constituted expert committee, this paper has been found to be in violation of IEEE´s Publication Principles.

We hereby retract the content of this paper. Reasonable effort should be made to remove all past references to this paper.

The presenting author of this paper has the option to appeal this decision by contacting TPII@ieee.org.

In this study, we used a domains perspective to classify the differences between leader behavior and LMX. And we examined the mediated contribution of leader-member exchange to the relationship between TF (transformational leader behavior) and the subordinates´ efficacy beliefs (self-efficacy beliefs and collective efficacy beliefs) across cultures (Chinese and American). The research of Chinese based on 289 Chinese individuals´ response using structural equation modeling (SEM); The research of Americans based on 36 relevant literatures which based on American samples using meta-analytic techniques to test a path analytic model of American. Results posited that LMX positively mediated the relationship between TF and efficacy beliefs among Chinese samples while this mediated contribution of LMX was not positive among American samples.