Dynamic peer-to-peer (P2P) solution to counter malicious higher Domain Name System (DNS) nameservers

The Domain Name System (DNS) is a critical service in the Internet infrastructure which provides user-friendly name to Internet IP address mapping. The absence of the DNS has a severe impact on several Internet services such as email. To avoid an intentional blocking from a malicious higher name server, a dynamic round-robin peer-to-peer (P2P) solution that is built over the Chord protocol is proposed as a secondary path to resolve the DNS queries. An evaluation of the proposed solution based on load balancing, failure, timeout, and number of hops is also conducted through simulation experiments.