A Novel Video Watermarking Scheme in H.264/AVC Encoder

Forensics for digital data has become more and more important, especially for video surveillance systems. Recently, H.264/AVC has been widely applied to video surveillance systems. In this paper, we propose a novel video watermarking scheme in H.264/AVC encoder. It embeds a watermark bit by adaptively varying the number of nonzero quantized AC coefficients in a 4×4 luminance block. The deleted or added coefficient is the most insignificant one in the embedded block. The proposed scheme can constrain the perceptual degradation, which is caused by embedding watermark, within a fine degree. Since the scheme is implemented in the encoder, it can be easily adopted by real-time video applications. Simulation results show the performance of the proposed scheme out beats other schemes.