Energy and QoS — A new perspective in a city vehicular communication network

Since most of the energy is consumed by base stations´ equipment, it is better to deploy significantly fewer base stations (BSs), switch off as many as possible or utilise low power consuming ones to save energy. This is usually achieved, however, at the expense of quality of service (QoS). In this paper, we reduce the number of BSs deployed to save energy and study a number of routing schemes employing our vehicular city simulator to fulfil the QoS. While operating in the ad hoc mode, we demonstrate that it is necessary to put the maximum percentage of vehicular nodes to the sleeping mode to save energy. To achieve this, we utilise a clustering scheme in which cluster heads (CHs) are responsible for out of range communication. Our simulation results reveal that energy savings up to 2 times are achieved compared to the fully operational vehicle-to-roadside (V2R) scenario and up to 9 times compared to other routing schemes while attaining the required QoS.