Silk stabilized graphene FET enzymatic glucose biosensor

This paper describes a silk fibroin-encapsulated graphene field effect transistor (FET) enzymatic biosensor that utilizes silk protein as both device substrate and enzyme immobilization material. Glucose molecules are detected by the conductance change and the Dirac point shift of the graphene transistor as the glucose is oxidized by glucose oxidase that was immobilized in silk fibroin film on the graphene FET. This graphene FET biosensor detected glucose range in 3-10 mM, which covers the reference range for diabetes diagnostics. Because this fibroin-encapsulated graphene FET enzymatic biosensor is biocompatible, flexible, and long-term stable, it holds great promise for portable, wearable, and implantable continuous glucose monitoring applications.