A cross-layer selfishness Avoidance Routing Protocol for the dynamic Cognitive Radio Networks

Initial research on Cognitive Radio (CR) has largely focused on the issues of resource allocation, spectrum sensing and management, etc. However, many existing proposals have introduced significant security loopholes. This has introduced challenges to the operation of the Cognitive Radio Network (CRN) as almost all existing cognitive routing protocols have assumed that each node honestly participates in packet forwarding. However, this assumption is no longer legitimate for CRNs due to the lack of a centralized trusted authority. QoS provisioning may also suffer as selfish nodes might incline towards self-centered behaviors in order to maximize their interests. In this paper, we propose a cross-layer Selfish Avoidance Routing Protocol (SARP) for the dynamic CRNs in the presence of selfish nodes. Simulation results demonstrate that the SARP can achieve much better performance in terms of lower delay, higher throughput and better delivery ratio for traffic originating from collaborative nodes compared to other cognitive routing protocols.