A layered model for wireless sensor networks

Aiming at optimizing the use of a wireless sensor network (WSN) as a miniature components integrated on chip (according to SoC technology), the adoption of specific protocols in the fields of applications of such network type is crucial. WSNs differ largely from the traditional wireless networks, they consequently require the use of new variations of energy-preserving protocols to ensure a prolonged life span for a sensor and to allow autonomy for a mostly dynamic topology-characterized network. Indeed, several routing and medium access control (MAC) protocols were proposed, and often adapted to the targeted applicability (house automation, biology, security, rural...). In this paper, we put forward a layered model for WSNs, with reference to OSI, TCP/IP and IEEE802 models which guaranteed a simple design and an easy implementation, for computer networks on (LAN/Wi-LAN, WAN, PAN...), thanks to layer decomposition reducing complexity and outlining functionalities relating to layers/levels coordinating through specific interfaces. The suggested model defines the levels of abstraction features of a WSN nodes according to their types (sensor, base station ldquoBSrdquo...) and intelligence level so as to serve as a basic model for design and future implementations of WSNs protocols and applications. This layered model allows the interconnection of a WSN with any other type of computer network.