Pre-stresses due to trans-tibial socket donning: a nonlinear finite element analysis with contact

A finite element (FE) model of the trans-tibial residual limb and prosthetic socket was developed. The three-dimensional model accounts for shape differences between the socket and residual limb, and incorporates material nonlinearities. Contact, frictional slip, and separation at the limb-socket interface were permitted using automated contact without gap elements. FE estimates of interface stresses after socket donning compared favorably with experimental measurements, suggesting that the model may potentially contribute to improved understanding of interface biomechanics