Analysis of single-event effects in embedded processors for non-uniform fault tolerant design

Advances in silicon technology and shrinking the feature size to nanometer scale make unreliability of nano devices the most important concern of fault-tolerant designs. Design of reliable and fault-tolerant embedded processors is mostly based on developing techniques that compensate adding hardware or software redundancy. The recently-proposed redundancy techniques are generally applied uniformly to a system and lead to inefficiencies in terms of performance, power, and area. Non-uniform redundancy requires a quantitative analysis of the system behavior encountering transient faults. In this paper, we introduce a custom fault injection framework that helps to locate the most vulnerable nodes and components of embedded processors. Our framework is based on an exhaustive transient fault injection to candidate nodes which are selected from a user-defined list. Furthermore, the list of nodes containing the microarchitectural state is also defined by user to validate execution of instructions. Based on the reported results, the most vulnerable nodes, components, and instructions are found and could be used for an effective non-uniform fault-tolerant redundancy technique.